{"id":30973,"date":"2022-06-14T09:08:19","date_gmt":"2022-06-14T14:08:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-legal\/constitution\/amendment19.html"},"modified":"2022-06-14T09:08:19","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T14:08:19","slug":"amendment19","status":"publish","type":"constitution","link":"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment19.html","title":{"rendered":"Nineteenth Amendment – U.S. Constitution"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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The Nineteenth Amendment – Women's Right to Vote<\/h1>\n
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\n By FindLaw Staff<\/a> | Legally reviewed by Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n | Last reviewed\n
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The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n<\/section>\n

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The Nineteenth Amendment extended voting rights to women in the United States in 1920. <\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n\n

Advocates for women\u2019s suffrage, or the right to vote, fought long and hard to get state laws passed that would extend voting rights to women in the United States. But those efforts didn\u2019t gain much traction. Then, activists switched gears and pressured Congress to grant women the right to vote. And in 1919, the Nineteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution. <\/p>\r\n

The Nineteenth Amendment states:
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\u201cThe right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\r\n

The Women’s Suffrage Movement and the 19th Amendment<\/h2>\r\n

United States Library of Congress, The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation<\/i><\/b><\/p>\r\n

The Nineteenth Amendment was adopted after a long campaign by its advocates, who had largely despaired of attaining their goal through modification of individual state laws. Agitation on behalf of women\u2019s suffrage was recorded as early as the Jackson Administration, but the initial results were meager. Beginning in 1838, Kentucky authorized women to vote in school elections and its action was later copied by a number of other states. Kansas in 1887 granted women unlimited rights to vote in municipal elections. Not until 1869, however, when the Wyoming Territory accorded women suffrage rights on an equal basis with men and continued the practice following admission to statehood, did these advocates register a notable victory. Progress continued to be discouraging, only ten additional states having joined Wyoming by 1914, and, judicial efforts having failed.1<\/sup> A vigorous campaign brought congressional passage of a proposed Amendment in 1919 and the necessary state ratifications in 1920.2<\/sup><\/p>\r\n

Following the Supreme Court\u2019s interpretation of the Fifteenth Amendment, the state courts that passed on the effect of the Amendment ruled that it did not confer upon women the right to vote, but only the right not to be discriminated against on the basis of their sex in the setting of voting qualifications,3<\/sup> a formalistic distinction to be sure, but one that has restrained the possible applications of the Amendment. In only one case has the Supreme Court itself dealt with the Amendment\u2019s effect, holding that a Georgia poll tax statute that exempted from payment women who did not register to vote did not discriminate in any manner against the right of men to vote, although it did note that the Amendment applies to men and women alike and by its own force supersedes inconsistent measures, whether federal or State.4<\/sup><\/p>\r\n

Related Resources<\/h3>\r\n