{"id":30862,"date":"2016-04-04T20:33:52","date_gmt":"2016-04-05T01:33:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-legal\/constitution\/amendment1.html"},"modified":"2024-07-26T10:13:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T15:13:50","slug":"amendment1","status":"publish","type":"constitution","link":"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1.html","title":{"rendered":"The First Amendment Freedoms of Speech, Religion, and the Press"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7  fl-block-columns fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n<div class=\"fl-page-articles   fl-block-column fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\"><div\n    data-testid=\"fl-general-title\"\n    class=\"fl-general-title fl-flex fl-gap20 fl-items-end\"\n>\n    <div class=\"fl-general-title-heading fl-flex fl-flex-column\">\n        <h1\n            class=\"fl-h1 fl-general-title-title fl-no-spacing\"\n            data-testid=\"fl-general-title-title\"\n        >\n            The First Amendment\n        <\/h1>\n        <p\n            class=\"fl-general-title-description fl-text-xl fl-no-margin\"\n            data-testid=\"fl-general-title-description\"\n        >\n            Freedom of Speech, Religion, and the Press\n        <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\" rel=\"noopener\">FindLaw Staff<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/laura-temme-esq\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Laura Temme, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            July 26, 2024\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <h2>\n            <button tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\"><\/i>\n                Legally Reviewed\n            <\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\" rel=\"noopener\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\" rel=\"noopener\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <h2>\n            <button tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\"><\/i>\n                Fact-Checked\n            <\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\" rel=\"noopener\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Adopted in 1791, the <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1.html#:~:text=Congress%20shall%20make%20no%20law%20respecting%20an%20establishment,petition%20the%20Government%20for%20a%20redress%20of%20grievances.\">First Amendment<\/a> of the U.S. Constitution protects many of the civil rights and civil liberties associated with life in the United States of America, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Free speech<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Freedom of religion<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Freedom of the press<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The right to <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/does-the-first-amendment-protect-protestors-.html\">peaceful protest<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The right to petition the government<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The First Amendment and nine others added to the Constitution at the same time became known as the <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/bill-of-rights.html\">Bill of Rights<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>What Does the First Amendment Say?<\/h2>\n<p>The First Amendment states:<\/p>\n<p><i>&#8220;Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<p>The First Amendment safeguards religious freedom, the free press, and free expression from interference by the federal government. Through more than two hundred years of court cases, the U.S. Supreme Court has been tasked with interpreting the First Amendment to determine the breadth of these fundamental rights. These Supreme Court cases have answered questions like:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Can religious schools benefit from government funds?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>What actions are protected by freedom of expression?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Does the First Amendment protect obscenity?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Can public schools restrict a student&#8217;s free speech?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>How does defamation fit into freedom of speech?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This collection of articles examines how the Supreme Court answered all these questions and more concerning First Amendment freedoms.<\/p>\n<h2><b>History of the First Amendment<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Although the rights embodied in the First Amendment were not included in the original draft of the United States Constitution, they were essential in its ratification.<\/p>\n<p>After the 1787 Constitutional Convention, several states refused to <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/article7.html\">ratify the new Constitution<\/a> because it lacked a Bill of Rights. These states only agreed to sign off on the new plan for the American government if Congress promised to add protections for freedom of speech, religion, and the press.<\/p>\n<p>Freedom of religion was an especially important idea for many American colonists. Several religious groups, including Quakers, Episcopalians, and Presbyterians, emigrated to the colonies from England to escape persecution over their religious beliefs.<\/p>\n<p>However, some members of the Constitutional Convention believed a bill of rights was unnecessary. In <a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/documents\/federalist\/federalist84.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Federalist No. 84<\/a>, Alexander Hamilton argued:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c[W]hy declare that things shall not be done which there is no power to do? Why, for instance, should it be said that the liberty of the press shall not be restrained, when no power is given by which restrictions may be imposed?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But, in the end, it was clear that a Bill of Rights was the only way the new Constitution could take effect. James Madison agreed to write this Bill of Rights, which included the First Amendment, the Second Amendment right to bear arms, and due process rights. He based his draft on George Mason&#8217;s Virginia Declaration of Rights.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/bill-of-rights.html\">The Bill of Rights<\/a> originally included 19 amendments. However, the Senate and House of Representatives rejected seven, and the states tossed out two more.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Freedom of Religion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>The First Amendment\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/freedom-of-religion.html\">freedom of religion<\/a> language breaks down into two essential parts: the free exercise clause and the establishment clause. This means the First Amendment guarantees that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A person can practice or <b>exercise <\/b>their religion without government interference<\/li>\n<li>The U.S. government cannot <b>establish <\/b>a national religion or favor one religion over another<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Thomas Jefferson and others referred to this idea as the \u201cseparation of church and state,\u201d although that language is not part of the amendment itself.<\/p>\n<p>The establishment and free exercise clauses often push against each other, leaving the Supreme Court with the challenge of determining what result best complies with the First Amendment.<\/p>\n<p>For example, many cases of freedom of religion involve religious schools. State and federal governments cannot favor religious schools, but is there a point where depriving them of government aid violates the free exercise clause?<\/p>\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/403\/602.html\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Lemon v. Kurtzman<\/i><\/a><i> <\/i>(1971), the Court established a three-part test to determine whether a law \u201centangled\u201d government and religion in violation of the establishment clause:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Does the statute have a secular legislative purpose?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Is the primary effect of the statute a burden on religion, or does it advance religion?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Does the statute foster an \u201cexcessive entanglement\u201d with religion?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>But, the abstract nature of the <i>Lemon <\/i>test made it difficult to apply consistently. <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/508\/384.html\" rel=\"noopener\">In a 1993 concurring opinion<\/a>, Justice Scalia wrote:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLike some ghoul in a late-night horror movie that repeatedly sits up in its grave and shuffles abroad, after being repeatedly killed and buried, <i>Lemon <\/i>stalks our Establishment Clause jurisprudence once again.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Over time, the Court began to focus more on whether a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/492\/573.html\" rel=\"noopener\">reasonable observer<\/a>\u201d would consider the government\u2019s action as an endorsement of religion. In <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/21-418.html\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Kennedy v. Bremerton School District<\/i><\/a><i> <\/i>(2022), a 6-3 majority <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/legalblogs\/supreme-court\/a-touchdown-for-religious-expression\/\" rel=\"noopener\">rejected the <i>Lemon <\/i>line of case law<\/a>. Although the opinion written by Justice Neil Gorsuch didn\u2019t expressly overrule <i>Lemon<\/i>, it held that the <i>Lemon <\/i>test had been \u201clong ago abandoned\u201d by the Court.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Freedom of Speech<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>One of the most well-known constitutional rights, <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/freedom-of-speech.html\">freedom of speech<\/a> essentially means that government entities cannot restrict a person\u2019s ability to express their opinions or ideas. Nor can the government retaliate against someone based on what they say. The Supreme Court stated in <a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/supreme_court\/landmark\/nytimes.html\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Times Co. v. Sullivan<\/a> that the First Amendment\u2019s central promise is that \u201cdebate on public issues should be uninhibited, robust, and wide-open.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The free speech clause can also protect conduct, such as burning an American flag (<i>Texas v. Johnson<\/i>) or wearing a black armband to protest the Vietnam War (<a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/393\/503.html\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District<\/i><\/a><i>).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>However, free speech does have its limits. For example, in <a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/supreme-court-insights\/brandenburg-v--ohio--permissible-restrictions-on-violent-speech.html\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Brandenburg v. Ohio<\/i><\/a><i> <\/i>(1969), the Supreme Court held that <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/does-the-first-amendment-protect-speech-that-advocates-illegal-c.html\">inciting a crowd to violence<\/a> was not protected speech.<\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court\u2019s approach to free speech cases has also evolved along with the nation. For example, in <a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.findlaw.com\/supreme-court-insights\/schenck-v--united-states--case-summary.html\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Schenck v. United States<\/i><\/a> (1919), the court held that the government could infringe on a person\u2019s free speech if they were a \u201cclear and present danger\u201d to the nation\u2019s security. Schenck had been convicted under the Espionage Act for distributing leaflets encouraging men to refuse the army draft during World War I.<\/p>\n<p>The Court later revised this approach in <i>Brandenburg<\/i>, holding that First Amendment protection extends to a broader range of speech as long as it doesn\u2019t incite \u201cimmediate lawless action.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2><b>Freedom of the Press<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/first-amendment-freedom-of-the-press.html\">Freedom of the press<\/a> was an important issue in the North American colonies long before they declared independence. The British government attempted to censor publications in the colonies by banning newspapers from printing anything that criticized the Crown or the colonial government.<\/p>\n<p>The first court case involving freedom of the press in the States took place in 1735. In <a href=\"https:\/\/history.nycourts.gov\/case\/crown-v-zenger\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Crown v. Zenger<\/i><\/a><i>, <\/i>a New York jury highlighted the importance of a free press in the colonies.<\/p>\n<p>John Peter Zenger was the printer for New York\u2019s first independent newspaper, the <i>New-York Weekly Journal. <\/i>Unlike the government-funded <i>New York Gazette<\/i>,<i> <\/i>the <i>Journal<\/i>&#8216;s articles and satire<i> <\/i>were highly critical of the royally appointed <a href=\"http:\/\/digitalhistory.hsp.org\/pafrm\/person\/governor-william-cosby\" rel=\"noopener\">Governor William Cosby<\/a> and his administration.<\/p>\n<p>Instead of pursuing legal action against the paper\u2019s editors, Governor Cosby tried to shut down Zenger. He accused Zenger of <a href=\"https:\/\/firstamendment.mtsu.edu\/article\/seditious-libel\/\" rel=\"noopener\">seditious libel<\/a>, criminalizing statements that criticized the government. However, two grand juries failed to issue an indictment against Zenger.<\/p>\n<p>Governor Cosby then went to the New York Assembly and asked them to order a ceremonial burning of <i>Journal<\/i> issues. They refused. He eventually convinced the Attorney General, Richard Bradley, to prosecute Zenger without a grand jury indictment.<\/p>\n<p>Attorneys representing Zenger struggled with his defense. After all, at that time, the truth of the statements printed in the <i>Journal <\/i>didn\u2019t matter. If they cast the government in a bad light and Zenger printed them, he had broken the law. His last attorney, Andrew Hamilton, asked the jury to not only consider the truth of the statements but what a guilty verdict would mean for the colonists, saying:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<i>The question before the Court and you, Gentlemen of the jury, is not of small or private concern. It is not the cause of one poor printer, nor of New York alone, which you are now trying. No! It may in its consequence affect every free man that lives under a British government on the main of America. It is the best cause. It is the cause of liberty.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n<p>The judge instructed the jury to focus only on whether Zenger had published the <i>New-York Weekly Journal<\/i>. But, in an act of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/criminal\/criminal-procedure\/jury-nullification.html\" rel=\"noopener\">jury nullification<\/a>, they found Zenger not guilty.<\/p>\n<p>Zenger\u2019s case is not a binding precedent for courts in the United States. However, it does illustrate the colonists\u2019 feelings on censorship and the need for a free press. Almost sixty years later, freedom of the press became a part of the U.S. Constitution.<\/p>\n<p>Today, restrictions on speech and the press before publication are known as prior restraint. Courts treat such restrictions as highly suspect and often strike them down.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Freedom of Assembly and Petition<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>The rights of <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/first-amendment-freedom-of-assembly-and-petition.html\">assembly and petition<\/a> don\u2019t come up in quite as many Supreme Court cases, but they still represent freedoms that are essential to life as we know it in the United States.<\/p>\n<p>The right of assembly means that the government cannot prohibit people from gathering to protest. Some safety restrictions are allowed, but in general, the government cannot stop a group of people from protesting in a public place.<\/p>\n<p>The right to petition <i>\u201c<\/i>for a redress of grievances\u201d generally means that there must be avenues for people to bring their issues to a government representative. This right dates back to as early as the 13th century in England. Both the 1215 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parliament.uk\/magnacarta\" rel=\"noopener\">Magna Carta<\/a> and the 1689 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parliament.uk\/about\/living-heritage\/evolutionofparliament\/parliamentaryauthority\/revolution\/collections1\/collections-glorious-revolution\/billofrights\" rel=\"noopener\">English Bill of Rights<\/a> included the right to petition.<\/p>\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/299\/353.html\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>De Jonge v. Oregon<\/i><\/a><i> <\/i>(1937), Chief Justice Hughes said of the right to assembly:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c[It] is one that cannot be denied without violating those fundamental principles of liberty and justice which lie at the base of all civil and political institutions,\u2014principles which the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment14.html#:~:text=No%20State%20shall%20make%20or,equal%20protection%20of%20the%20laws.\"><u>Fourteenth Amendment<\/u><\/a>\u00a0embodies in the general terms of its due process clause. . . . The holding of meetings for peaceable political action cannot be proscribed. Those who assist in the conduct of such meetings cannot be branded as criminals on that score. The question . . . is not as to the auspices under which the meeting is held but as to its purpose; not as to the relations of the speakers, but whether their utterances transcend the bounds of the freedom of speech which the Constitution protects.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div\n    class=\"fl-category-overview\"\n    data-testid=\"fl-category-overview\"\n>\n    <div\n        class=\"fl-accordion fl-category-overview-container\"\n        id=\"category-overview\"\n        data-testid=\"fl-accordion\"\n    >\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-1-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-1-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-1-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-1-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Religious Protections\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-1-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/freedom-of-religion.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Freedom of Religion<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/annotation14.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Establishment Clause<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/annotation16.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>The Free Exercise Clause<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/annotation04.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Religion in Public Schools<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/annotation12.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Religious Symbols and Government Property<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-2-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-2-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-2-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-2-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Speech Protections\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-2-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/freedom-of-speech.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Freedom of Speech<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/what-is-symbolic-speech-under-the-first-amendment-.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Symbolic Speech<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/does-the-first-amendment-protect-speech-that-advocates-illegal-c.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Inciting Speech<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/free-speech-rights-of-students.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Free Speech Rights of Students<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/freedom-of-speech-for-corporations.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Freedom of Speech for Corporations<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div\n               class=\"fl-accordion-item fl-category-overview-item\"\n               id=\"section-3-category-overview\"\n               aria-labelledby=\"button-3-category-overview\"\n               data-testid=\"fl-accordion-item\"\n            >\n                <h2\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-header fl-flex fl-items-center fl-justify-between fl-no-margin\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-header\"\n                >\n                    <button\n                        id=\"button-3-category-overview\"\n                        aria-label=\"Category 1 content\"\n                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                        aria-controls=\"section-3-category-overview\"\n                        class=\"fl-accordion-button fl-flex fl-flex-auto fl-justify-between\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                    >\n                        Press Protections\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <i\n                                class=\"fa fa-angle-down small\"\n                                aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                            ><\/i>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/h2>\n                <div\n                    class=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    data-testid=\"fl-accordion-content\"\n                    id=\"content-3-category-overview\"\n                >\n                    <ul class=\"fl-no-margin fl-list\">\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/first-amendment-freedom-of-the-press.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Freedom of the Press<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/prior-restraint-and-the-first-amendment.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Prior Restraint<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/defamation-and-false-statements-under-the-first-amendment.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Defamation and the First Amendment<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-control-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-container\">\n                                <i\n                                    class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\"\n                                    aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                ><\/i>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"fl-list-control-text\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment1\/regulation-of-the-media-under-the-first-amendment.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n                                    <span>Regulation of the Media<\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"was-this-helpful\">\n    <div\n            class=\"was-this-helpful__question-container\"\n            aria-labelledby=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n            role=\"group\"\n    >\n        <span\n                id=\"was-this-helpful__question\"\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__question fl-text-lg-bold\"\n        >Was this helpful?<\/span>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"Yes\"\n                value=\"yes\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">Yes<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-up\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3418)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M6 21H3C2.46957 21 1.96086 20.7893 1.58579 20.4142C1.21071 20.0391 1 19.5304 1 19V12C1 11.4696 1.21071 10.9609 1.58579 10.5858C1.96086 10.2107 2.46957 10 3 10H6M13 8V4C13 3.20435 12.6839 2.44129 12.1213 1.87868C11.5587 1.31607 10.7956 1 10 1L6 10V21H17.28C17.7623 21.0055 18.2304 20.8364 18.5979 20.524C18.9654 20.2116 19.2077 19.7769 19.28 19.3L20.66 10.3C20.7035 10.0134 20.6842 9.72068 20.6033 9.44225C20.5225 9.16382 20.3821 8.90629 20.1919 8.68751C20.0016 8.46873 19.7661 8.29393 19.5016 8.17522C19.2371 8.0565 18.9499 7.99672 18.66 8H13Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\n                              stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3418\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n        <button\n                class=\"was-this-helpful__button fl-text-sm\"\n                aria-label=\"No\"\n                value=\"no\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"was-this-helpful__button-text fl-text-bold\">No<\/span>\n            <i class=\"was-this-helpful__button-icon\">\n                <svg width=\"22\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g id=\"thumbs-down\" clip-path=\"url(#clip0_604_3423)\">\n                        <path id=\"Vector\"\n                              d=\"M16 0.999995H18.67C19.236 0.989986 19.7859 1.18813 20.2154 1.55681C20.645 1.9255 20.9242 2.43905 21 3V10C20.9242 10.5609 20.645 11.0745 20.2154 11.4432C19.7859 11.8119 19.236 12.01 18.67 12H16M9.00003 14V18C9.00003 18.7956 9.3161 19.5587 9.87871 20.1213C10.4413 20.6839 11.2044 21 12 21L16 12V0.999995H4.72003C4.2377 0.994543 3.76965 1.16359 3.40212 1.47599C3.0346 1.78839 2.79235 2.22309 2.72003 2.7L1.34003 11.7C1.29652 11.9866 1.31586 12.2793 1.39669 12.5577C1.47753 12.8362 1.61793 13.0937 1.80817 13.3125C1.99842 13.5313 2.23395 13.7061 2.49846 13.8248C2.76297 13.9435 3.05012 14.0033 3.34003 14H9.00003Z\"\n                              stroke=\"#666666\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                    <\/g>\n                    <defs>\n                        <clipPath id=\"clip0_604_3423\">\n                            <rect width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n                        <\/clipPath>\n                    <\/defs>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/i>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <span class=\"was-this-helpful__taken-action fl-text-sm-bold\"><\/span>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-container\">\n        <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n            <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form\">\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--positive\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Easy to understand\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--understandable\"\n                        >Easy to understand<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Solved my problem\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--solved-problem\"\n                        >Solved my problem<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"positive-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback was-this-helpful__feedback--negative\">\n                <fieldset>\n                    <legend class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Why was this not helpful?<\/legend>\n                    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message\" role=\"status\">\n                        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__choose-option-message-text\"><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Missing Information\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--missing-info\"\n                        >Missing the information I need<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Too complicated\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--complicated\"\n                        >Too complicated \/ too many steps<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Out of date\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--dated\"\n                        >Out of date<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"fl-radio-button-field fl-flex was-this-helpful__feedback-form-title\">\n                        <input\n                                id=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-input\"\n                                type=\"radio\"\n                                name=\"negative-feedback\"\n                                value=\"Other\"\n                        >\n                        <label\n                                class=\"fl-radio-button-field-label fl-text-sm was-this-helpful__radio-label\"\n                                for=\"was-this-helpful__radio-button--negative-other\"\n                        >Other<\/label>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/fieldset>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"was-this-helpful__form-buttons-container\">\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--positive at-feedback-submit fl-button secondary\"\n                    type=\"submit\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Submit<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <button\n                    class=\"was-this-helpful__feedback-button was-this-helpful__feedback-button--cancel fl-button primary disabled\"\n                    type=\"reset\"\n                >\n                    <span class=\"fl-button-content\">Cancel<\/span>\n                    <i\n                        class=\"fa fa-times-circle medium\"\n                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                    ><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message\" role=\"status\">\n        <i class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-icon fa fa-check\"><\/i>\n        <p class=\"was-this-helpful__thank-you-message-text\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fl-block-column fl-section-sidebar\">\n                        \n\n<div class=\"generalCardContainer\">\n            \n<div\n    class=\"fl-image-card fl-image-card--no-max-width fl-image-card--no-min-height fl-card-with-children fl-latl-card fl-image-card-title-on-image fl-flex fl-flex-column\"\n>\n                    <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\">\n\n            <div class=\"fl-image-card-image-wrapper fl-image-card-image-wrapper-default\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\"\n                     src=\"https://constitution.findlaw.com/static/c/images\/images\/w_1200,c_limit,dpr_auto\/f_auto,q_auto:eco\/v1750679574\/ability-legal\/wp-prod\/general-components-hero-lp-constitution-hero-banner\/general-components-hero-lp-constitution-hero-banner.jpg?_i=AA\"\n                     alt=\"\"\n                ><\/img>\n                                    <span class=\"fl-eyebrow fl-image-card-eyebrow\">U.S. Constitution<\/span>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-image-card-content fl-flex-basis-100\">\n                    <h2>More On the Constitution<\/h2>\n<p>Learn about the most important legal document in the United States.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/\">Read more &gt;<\/a><\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"general-list\">\n    <h3>You May Also Like<\/h3>\n    <ul class=\"fl-list fl-no-margin\">\n                                    <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/bill-of-rights.html\">\n                        The Bill of Rights\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/preamble.html\">\n                        Preamble to the Constitution\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                                                <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendments.html\">\n                        Constitutional Amendments\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                        <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"popularRecent\">\n    <div class=\"row popular-recent\">\n        <h2 class=\"popular-recent-title\">Looking for More Information?<\/h2>\n        <div class=\"popular-recent-item\">\n            <div class=\"popular-recent-item-image\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://constitution.findlaw.com/static/c/images\/images\/w_1200,c_limit,dpr_auto\/f_auto,q_auto:eco\/v1750688573\/ability-legal\/wp-prod\/general-components-popular-recent-popular\/general-components-popular-recent-popular.svg?_i=AA\"\n                    alt=\"\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"popular-recent-item-content\">\n                <h3>Popular Constitution Articles<\/h3>\n                <ul class=\"fl-list\">\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/bill-of-rights.html\">The Bill of Rights<\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendments.html\">U.S. Constitutional Amendments<\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/article1\/annotation01.html\">Separation of Powers<\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"popular-recent-item\">\n            <div class=\"popular-recent-item-image\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://constitution.findlaw.com/static/c/images\/images\/w_1200,c_limit,dpr_auto\/f_auto,q_auto:eco\/v1750688777\/ability-legal\/wp-prod\/general-components-popular-recent-recent\/general-components-popular-recent-recent.svg?_i=AA\"\n    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                      The First Amendment&#8217;s Establishment Clause\n                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment5\/fifth-amendment-due-process-unbiased-judge-and-impartial-jury.html\">\n                                How Due Process Protects Against Judicial Bias\n                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/article3\/annotation09.html\">\n                                Adversity Requirement for Justiciability Under Article III\n                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"fl-list-item fl-flex\">\n                            <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                            <a class=\"fl-list-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/amendment14\/annotation05.html\">\n                                Equal Protection Cases Based on Race\n                            <\/a>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/OverviewPageController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false},"class_list":["post-30862","constitution","type-constitution","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/constitution\/30862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/constitution"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/constitution"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/constitution.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}